School is this daily drudgery that otherwise interrupts that all-important social life during your youth. And institutes of higher education--universities and colleges--make it even worse, with unrelenting workloads and stressful exam periods.
But there are some things about school that make it fun. They're called "extra curricular activities." Sure, you've got your chess clubs and year book committee, but we said "fun," and this is a gearhead magazine. Imagine designing, building and racing a formula-style racecar as part of a school project. Now we're talking.
Every year since 1986, the Society of Automotive Engineers (the "SAE" on your motor oil) has held a "Formula SAE" student engineering competition, where engineering students from all over the world converge in Pontiac, MI to put their best designs to the test.
This isn't just some K-Mart parking lot autocross day for the locals. This competition has become so big, that SAE had to limit entries to 140 teams. For the 2003 competition, 140 schools from all over the world pre-entered, and on race day, over 120 teams showed up and took to the track, in the monstrous parking lot of the Pontiac SilverDome. With Ford, General Motors and Daimler-Chrysler all major sponsors of this yearly event, this is the big time. In fact, many engineering students get hired by the Big Three, right from this competition.
The goal of the competition is for SAE student members to conceive, design, fabricate, and of course, compete with small formula-style racing cars. Start with a simple set of rules, a blank sheet of paper (well, really a blank computer screen now), a bunch of imagination, the engineering theories that you didn't forget right after that final exam, and go to it. The end result is a great experience for engineering students to work on a real prototype in a team environment, just like what awaits them in the real engineering world after graduation. And more importantly, it shows the students that while everything might fit together and work on paper, it's often a totally different story when the parts are actually made.
The concept for the competition is interesting: the engineering students are to approach the project as though a manufacturing firm has asked them to produce a prototype car for evaluation as a later production item. The "production car" is intended for weekend warrior autocross-type racers, so it needs to have very high performance, but must also be low in cost, easy to maintain, and reliable (yeah I know, you can't have them all in race car, but therein lies part of the challenge). Each team design is compared and judged with other competing designs to determine the best overall car.
The rules for the car itself have evolved slightly over the years, but the basics have remained the same: The car must have working suspension, with a minimum travel in each direction, brakes on all four wheels, and a whole lot of structural and safety requirements. A maximum 610cc four-stroke piston engine is allowed, running on gasoline, or an E85 ethanol-gasoline blend. In order to limit the power to responsible levels for rookie student drivers, all the engine intake air must be drawn through a single throttle valve, and a 20mm intake restrictor (19 mm for the E85 fuel)--basically the size of your thumb. NASCAR has nothing on the SAE restrictor plates, but even with the small air holes, teams were registering almost 80 rear-wheel horsepower on the Dynojet set up at the competition. Combine that with a vehicle weight of around 450 pounds for the better teams, and it makes for some impressive performance.
Since most of the engines typically come from motorcycle applications (with a carburetor for each cylinder) a completely new intake manifold is required to meet the rules. The OEM carburetors are usually thrown in the trash, replaced with custom tuned EFI systems. Superchargers and turbochargers are allowed (as long as it's a student designed installation and not OEM on the engine) but any compressor must still suck its air through the intake restrictor first, so the supercharging effect is still limited.
Wings, spoilers and ground effects are also allowed, within some limits.
Each team is judged through both static and dynamic events. Of course the dynamic events are where most of the fun is, but being an engineering competition, the static events are crucial towards the engineering education, and therefore carry a significant part of the total available points.
Static events include the all-important design, manufacturing and costing presentations and reports, a marketing presentation, plus the technical inspection of the actual vehicle (which ensures compliance with the rules, and all necessary safety requirements). Part of the technical inspection requirements are braking and noise tests. Dynamic events include acceleration, skidpad, autocross, and endurance/fuel economy test events.
At the end of the 4-day competition for 2003, it was the team from the University of Wollongong (Australia) that collected the most points, and were therefore the overall winner. The top 10 teams for 2003 were:
1. University of Wollongong
2. University of Missouri - Columbia
3. Michigan State University
4. Georgia Institute of Technology
5. Auburn University
6. Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
7. University of Minnesota - Minneapolis
8. North Carolina State University - Raleigh
9. Cornell University
10. California State University - Northridge
Individual event winners were:
Cost:
Michigan State University
Presentation:
University of Washington
Design:
University of Wollongong
Acceleration:
Ohio State University
Skid Pad:
University of Wisconsin - Madison
Autocross:
University of Missouri - Columbia
Endurance/Fuel Economy:
University of Wollongong
Students all agreed that this competition was the best part of their engineering educations. If the 2003 Formula SAE competition is any indication, it looks like the future of production-based performance car engineering is in good hands.
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For their first time ever at the SAE competition, the team from Helsinki Polytechnic (that's right Finland!) built a stunning car with a turbocharged, intercooled, electronic fuel-injected engine. Their car and team appearance was extremely professional for a rookie effort. |
Lunch time for team Texas A&M. Don't let the laid back, cowboy look fool you. This school has done well at the SAE competition, winning in 2000, and with top 10 finishes in several other years. The 2003 competition was an off-year for this team, as they finished in 24th place overall. |
You read it right, that says Korea. At the 2003 SAE, there were several teams from Asia that competed. |
Tuned intakes and EFI systems were common at this year's competition, but Penn State went the extra mile with their short and long runner, dual-stage tuned intake, with electronic runner control. |
The sign in the Memorial University of Newfoundland team pit summed up the efforts of most teams. |
Yes it's a race, but the Formula SAE is very much an engineering competition first. The University of Victoria exhibited an impressive design display board in their pit area. |
Living (and surviving) in Grand Forks, ND immediately makes you a hardy individual. When a small group of students from the University of North Dakota decided to get involved with the SAE competition, their school tried to talk them out of it. Their "can't do" attitude didn't stop these seven determined students, so with no initial school backing, and only two sponsors, these guys designed and built an impressive car in only five months. Once the school saw the car coming together, they realized just how much they underestimated this group. Of the two sponsors that helped the team, one provided transportation to the competition with this impressive (and intimidating) hauler. |
For four days, the pit area was buzzing around the clock. For many teams, the thrashing and scavenging (for parts) never ended. Sportsmanship and cooperation between competing teams was incredible. |
Before the cars are allowed onto the course, a rigorous technical inspection is required, supported by the SCCA. Every year many teams fail to make it through tech, so getting the full set of tech stickers is an accomplishment by itself. |
Part of the tech inspection is a tilt table test, which checks for fluid leaks under lateral accelerations. Here we see the University of Manitoba entry passing the tilt table test. |
Everything always works on paper, right? Well, in the real world, breakage happens. GM graciously provided their Powertrain Group Prototype shop and personnel to support the competition to help fix anything that could be fixed, like this broken front control arm. |